i-(nteractional) language
What is i-language?
Aspects of language which regulate the interaction and do not contribute to the construction of propositions
I: Gal Gadot was amazing as Wonder Woman, eh?
R: Yeah, I know, right?
eh = requests confirmation from Addressee
yeah = indicates agreement with previous Speaker
right = requests confirmation from Addressee
i-language plays an important role for...... the construction of common ground... the negotiation of turn-taking
The interactional spine hypothesis (ISH)
Roots of the ISH
ISH is inspired by work on the syntacticization of speech acts.
It differs in that it takes into consideration insights from different traditions which have long looked at language in interaction (including conversation analysis and functional discourse grammar).
I have developed the ISH over the past 10 years, with the help of many students at UBC. Details are discussed in various publications but the whole system is explicitly developed in a monograph I just finished and which will appear with CUP: The grammar of interactional language
The core tenets of the ISH
- i-language is regulated by the same formal system that regulates propositional language.
- There are hierarchically organized layers of structure with functions that are dedicated to configuring language in interaction
- Resp(onse)P for turn taking,
- GroundP for establishing common ground
- The interactional spine has a clausal and a nominal instantiation.
Video
Papers
Wiltschko, M. (to appear) The grammar of interactional language. Cambridge University Press.
Ritter, E. & M. Wiltschko (to appear) Interacting with vocatives! Proceedings of the CLA 2020
Colasanti V. & M. Wiltschko (in print) Spatial and discourse deixis and the speech act structure of nominals. Proceedings of the CLA 2019
Ritter, E. & M. Wiltschko. (in print) The syntax of formality. Universals and Variation. Proceedings fo the CLA 2019
Heim J. & M. Wiltschko. Timing of Belief as a Key to Cross-Linguistic Variation in Tag Questions. To appear in: Special issue of Linguistic Vanquard: Non-canonical questions from a comparative perspective, co-edited by Andreas Trotzke & Anna Czypionka.
Wiltschko, M. & J. Heim. 2020. Grounding Beliefs: Structured Variation in Canadian Discourse Particles. In Exoticism in English tag questions: Strengthening arguments and caressing the social wheel, edited by B. Achiri-Taboh, Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Heim, J. & M. Wiltschko. 2020. Deconstructing Questions: Reanalyzing a heterogeneous class of speech acts via commitment and engagement. Scandinavian Studies in Language, 11(1): 56-82.
Heim, J. & M. Wiltschko. 2020. Interaction at the prosody-syntax interface. in: G. Kentner & J. Kremers (Eds.) Prosody in syntactic encoding: Special Issue in Linguistische Arbeiten. De Gruyter [pre-publication version]
Bliss, Heather & Martina Wiltschko. 2020. Stsíkiistsi ki stsíkiistsi: The ubiquity of Blackfoot demonstratives in discourse. In: Demonstratives in discourse. ed. by Åshild Næss, Anna Margetts, and Yvonne Treis. Language Sciences. Chapter 6.
Ritter, E. & M. Wiltschko. 2019. Nominal speech act structure: Evidence from the structural deficiency of impersonal pronouns. Canadian Journal of Linguistics.
Wiltschko, M. (2019). Now can be the end of the past or the beginning of the future. In: Matthewson, L., E. Guntley, M. Huijsmanns and M. Rochemont (eds.) “Wa7 xweysás i nqwal’úttensa i ucwalmícwa: He loves the people’s languages” Essays in Honour of Henry Davis. UBC Working Papers in Linguistics. `
Hinzen, Wolfram & Martina Wiltschko. 2018. The grammar of truth. Inquiry.
Keupdjio, Hermann & Martina Wiltschko. 2018. Polar Questions in Bamileke Medumba. Journal of West African Languages. 45.2: 17-40
Ritter, Elizabeth & Martina Wiltschko. 2018. Distinguishing Speech act roles from grammatical person features. Proceedings of the Canadian Association of Linguistics 2018.
Wiltschko, Martina, Derek Denis & Alexandra d’Arcy. 2018. Deconstructing variation in pragmatic function: a transdisciplinary case-study. Language in Society 43: 569-599. Wiltschko, Martina. 2017. The emotive response paradigm. A case-study in modularity. Festschrift for Martin Prinzhorn (Meyer, Williams, eds.) Wiltschko, M. 2017. Beyond English Sentences. Theoretical Linguistics 43 (3-4) 271-283. Wiltschko, M. (2017) Response particles beyond answering. In: Bailey, L. and M. Sheehan (eds.) Word Order and Syntacic Structure. Language Science Press. 241-280. Wiltschko, M. (2017) Ergative constellations in the structure of speech acts. Coon, Jessica; Diane Massam & Lisa Travis (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of ergativity. New York: Oxford University Press. 419-446. [pre-publication version] Yang, Merlin & M. Wiltschko. (2016) The confirmational marker ha in Northern Mandarin. Journal of Pragmatics 104: 67-82 Wiltschko, Martina & Johannes Heim. (2016) The syntax of confirmationals. A neo-performative analysis. In: Gunther Kaltenböck, Evelien Keizer and Arne Lohmann (eds.) Outside the Clause. Form and function of extra-clausal constituent. John Benjamins. 303-340. Heim, H. H. Keupdjio, Zoe Wai-Man Lam, A. Osa-Gómez, S. Thoma and M. Wiltschko. (2016) Intonation and Particles as Speech Act Modifiers: A Syntactic Analysis. Studies in Chinese Linguistics 37.2 Johannes Heim, Hermann Keupdjio, Zoe Wai-Man Lam, Adriana Osa-Gómez and Martina Wiltschko 2014. How to do things with particles. Proceedings of the Canadian Linguistic Association 2014
Wiltschko, Martina, Derek Denis & Alexandra d’Arcy. 2018. Deconstructing variation in pragmatic function: a transdisciplinary case-study. Language in Society 43: 569-599. Wiltschko, Martina. 2017. The emotive response paradigm. A case-study in modularity. Festschrift for Martin Prinzhorn (Meyer, Williams, eds.) Wiltschko, M. 2017. Beyond English Sentences. Theoretical Linguistics 43 (3-4) 271-283. Wiltschko, M. (2017) Response particles beyond answering. In: Bailey, L. and M. Sheehan (eds.) Word Order and Syntacic Structure. Language Science Press. 241-280. Wiltschko, M. (2017) Ergative constellations in the structure of speech acts. Coon, Jessica; Diane Massam & Lisa Travis (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of ergativity. New York: Oxford University Press. 419-446. [pre-publication version] Yang, Merlin & M. Wiltschko. (2016) The confirmational marker ha in Northern Mandarin. Journal of Pragmatics 104: 67-82 Wiltschko, Martina & Johannes Heim. (2016) The syntax of confirmationals. A neo-performative analysis. In: Gunther Kaltenböck, Evelien Keizer and Arne Lohmann (eds.) Outside the Clause. Form and function of extra-clausal constituent. John Benjamins. 303-340. Heim, H. H. Keupdjio, Zoe Wai-Man Lam, A. Osa-Gómez, S. Thoma and M. Wiltschko. (2016) Intonation and Particles as Speech Act Modifiers: A Syntactic Analysis. Studies in Chinese Linguistics 37.2 Johannes Heim, Hermann Keupdjio, Zoe Wai-Man Lam, Adriana Osa-Gómez and Martina Wiltschko 2014. How to do things with particles. Proceedings of the Canadian Linguistic Association 2014
Selected Talks
2021
The grammar of knowing. Some lessons from cross-linguistic patterns of markedness. Comparative Syntax Meeting Leiden University Center for Linguistics, May 20, 2021
How to be emotional with language (and despite it). Colloquium, University of Manitoba. April 9 2021
How to build common ground, one syntactic layer at a time. CRISSP seminar, Brussels, Belgium, March 24th, 2021
The grammar of interactional language: the case of vocatives. Colloquium UofT Feb 5 and Colloquium Cologne Feb 3 2021
Do eyes make words? Do words see them? Dutch Linguistic Day, January 29 2021
2020
The grammar of emotions and the absence thereof. Oslo, Colloquium Superlinguistics. November 6, 2020
Language as an instrument of thought and communication.
Evidence from interactional language. Colloquium, Linguistic circle, University of Edinburgh. October 15, 2020
On the relation between language, thought and communication. Interactional language as a window into the human mind. Colloquim in the Linguistics seminar at CUHK, Hong Kong (September 2020)
Beyond truth. The view from response markers. Colloquium. Department of Linguistics, Stuttgart. May 2020, GLIF Colloquium. UPF. February 2020
Interacting with High-end nominals. Colloquium, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany. January 21st 2020
2019 The syntax of speech act participants. Speech Acts in Grammar and Discourse: Syntactic and Semantic Modeling. Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft (ZAS), Berlin. October 2019 How to do things with nominals. Evidence for a nominal speech act structure. Colloquium, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (April 12, 2019) How to do things with nominals. Towards a syntax of nominal speech acts. Colloquium, MIT, Cambridge, Mass. (February 8 2019)
2018 It’s not the language but the speaker that we want to understand. Colloquium, UPF, Barcelona Nominal speech act structure and the distinction between grammatical person and speech act participants. Colloquium, University of Connecticut. (November 30, 2018) Nominal speech act structure: A case study of personal paradigms. Lund University, Sweden, Workshop on Functional Categories (May 3rd 2018), Paris CNRS, Paris 8 (May 2 2018) Nominal speech act structure: a personal view. Colloquium; University of California at Santa Cruz (January 19 2018) 2017 Grounding individuals: Implications for PERSON. Invited talk at the Manitoba Person Workshop. University of Manitoba, (September 2017, with Elizabeth Ritter) The syntacticization of linguistic interaction. Evidence from confirmationals and response markers. Colloquium; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (May 2017)
2019 The syntax of speech act participants. Speech Acts in Grammar and Discourse: Syntactic and Semantic Modeling. Zentrum fuer Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft (ZAS), Berlin. October 2019 How to do things with nominals. Evidence for a nominal speech act structure. Colloquium, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (April 12, 2019) How to do things with nominals. Towards a syntax of nominal speech acts. Colloquium, MIT, Cambridge, Mass. (February 8 2019)
2018 It’s not the language but the speaker that we want to understand. Colloquium, UPF, Barcelona Nominal speech act structure and the distinction between grammatical person and speech act participants. Colloquium, University of Connecticut. (November 30, 2018) Nominal speech act structure: A case study of personal paradigms. Lund University, Sweden, Workshop on Functional Categories (May 3rd 2018), Paris CNRS, Paris 8 (May 2 2018) Nominal speech act structure: a personal view. Colloquium; University of California at Santa Cruz (January 19 2018) 2017 Grounding individuals: Implications for PERSON. Invited talk at the Manitoba Person Workshop. University of Manitoba, (September 2017, with Elizabeth Ritter) The syntacticization of linguistic interaction. Evidence from confirmationals and response markers. Colloquium; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (May 2017)